Related Work

In the years since the publication of Perry's book and model, there has been a considerable amount of work exploring similar or related issues, both in this country as well as around the world. Three particular efforts are worth a special note, however, as they reflect the most direct ties to Perry's original theoretical framework, and indeed represent the most explicit extensions of the Perry model:

1) Women's Ways of Knowing, Mary Belenky, Blythe Clinchy, Nancy Goldberger, and Jill Tarule (1986);

2) Epistemological Reflection, Marcia Baxter Magolda's longitudinal efforts at the University of Miami of Ohio (1985, 1992, 1999, 2001); and

3) Reflective Judgment (King & Kitchener, 1994), and more recently work by Philip Wood and Susan Wolcott & Cindy Lynch

While these authors have generally claimed that their work represents theories separate from the Perry scheme, it's not at all clear that these frameworks in fact define distinct theories. There is little doubt that these lines of work represent important areas of scholarship with respect to intellectual development, but rather than being separate theoretical models I would argue that they extend and expand descriptions of the same fundamental journey described by Perry's framework.  At this point what  connections, if any, exist between the various models are largely theoretical, as little direct empirical work has been done  along those lines.